Another important thing to keep in mind if you ever get to read the script or see it performed, is the ideals and rules of the Victorian Era. I know that I have touched on this subject many times before, but I truly think it is an integral part of what makes the story and characters so interesting. Here is another excerpt from one of my essays that explains a few of the important social and moral ideas:
In
the Victorian era many people based their lives around strict morals, and even
stricter rules. The division of class was extreme, and many people, especially
the upper class, were hypocrites.
"The key words of the times were "thought,"
"work," and "progress." clear thinking was preferred to
impulse or prejudice and the battle of ideas to the dictatorship of slogans;
hard work was considered the foundation of all material advancement; and both
clear thinking and hard work were deemed essential to continued national
progress" (Briggs 1). These principles both helped create and were created
by the technological and material advancement that Great Britain underwent in
the 1800s. This advancement was showcased by the Great Exhibition of 1851 that
took place in the Crystal Palace. The Great Exhibition is believed to be signifying
the beginning of the High-Victoria period (Mitchell). It showcased the great
technological advancement, the beauty, the strength, and the affluence of Great
Britain. These ideas were integrated into society in the form of a moral code.
The "belief in a common moral code, based on duty and self-restraint, was
shared by most groups in society" (Briggs 3). And it was this moral code
that became the backbone of the Victorian era. Through the era ideas did
change, grow, and even warped in a way that did eventually bring about the end
of the era. "The stress on thought, work, and progress, carried with it
smugness, dullness, and what contemporaries, particularly the bright young
intellectuals of the Saturday Review, called 'can't.' But it was
accompanied also by heightened national pride" (Briggs 2). This sense of
“can’t” verses “can” is a large contributor in the generation rift and the
downfall of the Victorian era.
One
of the large issues in the Victorian era was sexual relations. Sex was not
something that the Victorians talked about, and sex education was unheard of
"Young Victorians gained carnal knowledge by avoiding their usual sources
of education- family, church, and school- and conversing with friends,
observing animals, and trying to extract information from books" (Mitchell
710). While sex was not a direct subject of confrontation in Secrets it is a unspoken undercurrent in
both the society in which a majority of the play takes place as well as the
play itself. The characters in Secrets are
so much dynamic because of the amount of time that the play covers as well all
of the different moral codes, such as Victorians and sex, that each of them
have unintentionally integrated into their lives. When Susan goes into
“hysterics” in act 1, page 19, it would have been blamed on unbalanced humors
that some doctors believed were caused by sex or the lack thereof. “Dr. Samuel
Solomon's widely read A Guide to Health, or Advice to Both Sexes (1800)
stated that, although intercourse was enjoyable, 'over indulgence' caused
mental and physical exhaustion and 'convulsions of all the senses'"
(Mitchell 710). While the only person in Secrets
that goes into “hysterics” is Susan,
she is the character of the lowest class in act 1. This could be a comment on
class or maybe just a coincidence, but it does show a variance between Susan
and her employers, the Marlowes.
In Victorian society there were rules
for everything. As long as a person knew their place and what their role in
society was, they were considered a step above the rest. "Society, said Lady
Frances Balfour, was 'composed of people who knew how to behave, were
well-bred, and felt their obligations to live according to the position in
which they were placed" (Mitchell 734). Every action, choice, friendship,
or marriage of a person in society was expected to follow the high moral
standard (Mitchell 734). Only people of the upper-class were considered to be a
part of society, and in order to become a member you had to have one of the
following: wealth, impressive lineage, connections, or be a part of the correct
club. "One classic way to gain access to higher social status has always
been through marriage" (Mitchell 734). The goal of any engagement was to
raise either family’s respectability in society either by marriage for wealth
or to join a family with an impressive lineage. "[Marriage] also provided
a way to control access to status positions- to the highest and most visible
social circles and also to the centers of economic and political power"
(Mitchell 735). Being a part of society was expensive and because of that
"substantial numbers of men delayed marriage or remained single because of
the need to have sufficient income to maintain a suitable style of life- a
place in society- which would cost exponentially more for a man with a family
than for a single man" (Mitchell 734). This often meant that the majority
of marriages in the Victorian era were older men to younger women. Many engagements
were made by parents of a young girl to a wealthy man of society, so
participating in society functions became a huge part of the Victorian life.
The social functions became so important and so expensive that a “social
season” was created. It would last a few month and cost a great deal of money.
"Society regulated courtship with great care. The marriage market was
organized under extensive chaperonage within the confining activities of the
season, starting with balls or parties where girls would meet eligible young
men" (Mitchell 734). Act one of Secrets
takes place while Mary is actually getting ready for one such ball to which her
parents have great hope for. It was a Victorian mother’s goal in life to see
her daughter well married which is why Mary’s parents take her courtship with
John Carlton so terribly. As her father, Marlowe, states "No comment of
ours can adequately describe your daughter’s conduct and the conduct of her-
her accomplices in this scandalous affair. For the present, there’s no more to
be said. You will, of course, go alone to the party this evening. You had
better say that your daughter has contracted a slight chill, and that you felt
it would be inadvisable to expose her to the night air" (Besier and
Edginton 23). Since Mary had become such a disgrace there was no way her
parents could have taken her to a function of the season, but they did not want
to make the disgrace public, which would have ruined Mary’s prospects forever,
so they made up the lie. This would and should have been heart breaking for any
other Victorian girl, but Mary is more distraught by being forbidden from
seeing John again. Her parents wanted someone from a suitable background for
their daughter and a lowly clerk was not seemly. Of course, Mary still
disregards her parent’s wishes and elopes with John Carlton. John knows that by
marrying him she is forsaking every luxury that would have assuredly been hers
with another man, which is why he reminds her that, "By running away with
me your family will consider that you have disgraced them and utterly disown
you. You will have nobody in the world to depend upon but me. And I’m
only-" (Besier and Edginton 30). To which Mary cuts him off with, “Nobody
but you! You’re all I want- now, and to the end of my life” (Besier and
Edginton 30). This unconventional Victorian love, while to a modern audience
seems like puppy love or mere infatuation, is proven time and time again to be
just as strong and lasting as Mary’s declares that it is. It would have been
unseemly to talk about love the way Mary and John do in act 1, but it was, and
still is, highly uncommon for words of that deep a devotion to be true and
lasting.
I do not understand why the number of scripts would affectthe produceabilty of a play. Lack of copies of scripts is what copy machines are for.
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